Wheezing - a high-pitched whistling sound when breathing out - is a common reason parents bring their children to the clinic. But how can you tell whether this sound is caused by asthma or a respiratory infection, such as RSV?
What Wheezing Means
Wheezing occurs when the airways are narrowed or partially blocked, making it difficult for air to flow out of the lungs. This can happen in both asthma and viral infections, which is why the two are sometimes confused.
In asthma, wheezing is usually related to chronic airway inflammation and sensitivity. The sound often comes and goes, may be triggered by allergens, exercise, or cold air, and can improve with bronchodilator medications (such as inhalers).
In RSV or other viral infections, wheezing occurs because the infection causes swelling and mucus buildup in the airways. The sound tends to appear later in the course of illness, rather than at the very beginning.
Other Clues to Look For
To tell the difference, look beyond the breathing symptoms:
Systemic symptoms: Viral infections often cause fever, fatigue, muscle aches, loss of appetite, or headache. These whole-body symptoms are not typical of asthma.
Timing: Wheezing from infection usually appears after a few days of coughing or congestion. In contrast, asthma-related wheezing can happen suddenly, especially after exposure to a known trigger.
Response to medication: Asthma symptoms often improve with inhaled bronchodilators. Wheezing caused by RSV may respond less, and additional medical support could be needed.
When to Seek Medical Help
Because asthma and RSV can sometimes overlap, it’s not always easy to tell them apart at home. If your child has persistent wheezing, difficulty breathing, or recurring cough, it’s best to have them evaluated by a healthcare professional.
Seek medical attention promptly if your child:
Is breathing rapidly or using extra chest muscles to breathe
Has persistent wheezing or coughing that disrupts sleep
Shows signs of dehydration or poor feeding
Appears unusually tired or struggles to speak or cry
At Am-Sino Family Practice, our family doctors and pediatricians can help determine the cause of your child’s symptoms, provide appropriate treatment, and create an individualized plan to keep their breathing healthy and strong.
